In recent years, there has been a significant increase in population growth all over the world, particularly in Africa. This has been accompanied by rapid urbanization, increase in industrial activities and greater exploitation of natural resources. These revolutions have provoked varieties of pollutants such as food additives, pesticides, industrial wastes, heavy metals, noxious gases, plant and animal toxins and has resulted in huge wastes discharges into the environment. Most of these untreated wastes end up in soils, rivers, lagoons, or atmosphere and cause undesirable human and environmental health hazards. Pollution by pesticides is one of the most serious problems and constitutes a major source of persistent toxic substances. WHO statistics show that about 3,000,000 people suffer worldwide from severe pesticides poisoning every year. Data on levels of persistent toxic substances in African environment, their dynamics and effects are certainly insufficient to provide acceptable bases for the management of the environment and its natural resources. Therefore, a clarion call to increase the number of African toxicologists and collaborations is indispensable. This will enhance planning, decision-making and management of Africa's human and environmental resources. The joint CSTS/SETAC AFRICA Toxicological Conference is to bring together stakeholders involved in research, production, utilization, release, management or regulation of toxic chemicals. They will brainstorm and seek for solutions to Africa’s human and environmental challenges.